Torque Guidelines and Measurement
Below is a reference guide of application torque values for the most common cap sizes. This is a general guide only; the proper application torque for your cap may be different from the values listed below. Your cap and bottle vendor is the best source for you to discover the actual application torque specifications for your particular cap and bottle. Your cap and bottle vendor should be able to provide you with this information.
To properly seal a container, it is important to not over-torque or under-torque the cap. Many people believe the tighter the cap-the better the seal; this is not the case. Over tightening a cap will cause an uneven seal on the container and is a common cause of leakage. Of course, under tightening a cap will also cause leakage.
Application torque cannot be measured directly from an automatic, semi-automatic or hand held capping machine. For this reason the industry standard is to measure the removal torque of caps applied by capping machines. This method works because there exists a relationship, or correlation, between the application torque of a cap onto a container and its corresponding removal torque.
* Torque is measured as inch.lbs. |
||
Cap Size (MM) |
Onto a Plastic Container |
Onto a Glass Container |
| 15 | 7-9 | 6-9 |
| 18 | 8-10 | 7-10 |
| 20 | 10-12 | 8-12 |
| 22 | 11-14 | 9-14 |
| 24 | 12-15 | 10-15 |
| 28 | 13-17 | 11-17 |
| 33 | 16-20 | 13-20 |
| 38 | 19-23 | 15-23 |
| 43 | 21-26 | 17-26 |
| 45 | 23-28 | 18-28 |
| 48 | 24-29 | 19-29 |
| 53 | 27-32 | 21-32 |
| 58 | 29-35 | 23-35 |
| 63 | 31-38 | 25-38 |
| 70 | 35-42 | 28-42 |
| 83 | 41-49 | 34-49 |
| 89 | 44-53 | 36-53 |
| 100 | 48-60 | 40-60 |
| 110 | 55-65 | 45-65 |
| 120 | 60-72 | 48-72 |
An example of how the removal torque method works
We will use an example of a 28 mm cap being applied to a plastic bottle. From the Applications Torque chart you will see that the general application torque guideline for a 28 mm cap onto a plastic container is 13-17 inch.lbs. Within this application torque range, the cap will be properly seated onto the container and provide a high quality closure.
You will need to calibrate your capping machine to ensure you are providing the correct amount of application torque. The way this can be done is by using a bottle cap torque tester.
First we will find the correlation between the low end of the acceptable application torque range, 13 inch.lbs, and the correlating removal torque. Insert your bottle (always use new caps and containers for every trial when testing) into the torque tester and then tighten the cap by hand until the read out on the torque tester tells you that you have applied 13 inch.lbs. of torque. Then reset the torque tester and promptly unscrew the cap. When the cap releases from the threads of the container the bottle cap torque tester will provide you with the removal torque reading. Let’s say for example that the removal torque reading was 8 inch.lbs. We now know that for our particular cap, an application torque of 13 inch.lbs corresponds to a removal torque of 8 inch.lbs.
We will then follow the same procedure at the high end of the application torque range, 17 inch.lbs. For our hypothetical example say that an application torque of 17 inch.lbs results in a removal torque value of 12 inch.lbs. We now know that the application torque range of 13 – 17 inch.lbs correlates to a removal torque range of 8 – 12 inch.lbs.
We now begin to apply caps with the capping machine. After capping the
container with the capper, we promptly bring the container with tightened
cap over to the bottle cap torque tester and measure the removal torque.
Let’s say on our first trial we receive a removal torque reading
of 7 inch.lbs. Since 7 inch.lbs is lower than the acceptable range
8 – 12 inch.lbs., we know that the cap is not tight enough,
so we will need to increase the torque setting on our capping machine.
We will continue to adjust the torque output of the capping machine until
we consistently receive removal torque values within the acceptable range
of 8-12 inch.lbs. Our capping machine is now properly calibrated.
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